Progressing from a SHO to a registrar in medicine

Progressing from a SHO to a registrar can be quite a daunting experience. However with a bit of pre-planning and getting used to showing good leadership and management skills which we all have from day one anyway.

I have mentioned some points here:

LEADERSHIP SKILLS 

As a registrar, we often have to deal with rota issues when there are not enough FY1s, SHOs on the acute take on the wards. We have to help struggling colleagues as well. 

So what can we do as SHOs?
1. Give your contact number to the FY1 on call with you and ask them to call you/text you if they are stuck anywhere - it does not matter how small the task is. 
If they ask for help and you are free, you can assist them. This will become a habit. And soon, you will be able to help even when it is busy by prioritizing tasks. This kindness will trickle down and you will see those FY1s do the same when they are SHOs.

2. Help distribute workload when there is understaffing/ too many doctors. 
I am not asking you to get involved in making rotas - that is a terrible idea and the management should have rota coordinators who are paid to do this job. However if you see that there are 5 doctors, 15 patients on the ward and you know half of the patients, you might as well ask around if any other wards need any assistance. Or if all is well, ask some of your colleagues to take half the day off for admin. 

3. Develop a way of effective communication. 
I find WhatsApp groups are the best way to communicate with other colleagues. We had social WhatsApp groups ( pre-COVID) and now we have general WhatsApp groups where people ask for help. Make it a habit of responding if you know the answer and helping out wherever possible. 

4. Lead MDT meetings 
Ward MDT meetings are an excellent way to start. You learn what relevant information needs to be discussed and what is important to any MDT member as explained below:

What I did as a SHO
NON TRAINING POST
I used to lead morning MDTs on the care of elderly ward which was attended by the consultant, SHOs, FY1s, nurse in charge and therapy team. It took 10 to 15 minutes and I then used to delegate patients to the team for equal work load. 
We had a white board on which the following details were mentioned 
1. Name, date of admission 
2. Last seen by a consultant ( to decide if they need to be seen by the consultant if it has been more than 48 hours) 
3. Diagnosis
4. Active medical issues 
5. Therapy needs which we can start addressing even if the patient is not medically fit. 
6. If the patient is medically fit, what is the delay and how can we escalate it 

TRAINING POST - CMT 1 
I worked in a small district general hospital with very supportive consultants
1. They allowed me to do lead consultations on ward rounds under supervision ( and then agreed to do assessments). We do this all the time as SHOs however I received some excellent constructive feedback and was able to improve my skills. 
2. I led MDTs 
3. I presented cases when on call in the handover - I learnt how to be brief and to the point 
https://omarsguidelines.blogspot.com/2019/12/handing-over-patients-in-different.html

TRAINING POST - CMT 2 
This was also in a district hospital but this was slightly bigger. I was going to be a registrar from the next year hence I decided to become more proactive 
1. When on call, I used to give my mobile number to the FY1s and other SHO colleagues to let me know if there is any issue to avoid calling the registrar for things like difficult cannulas and procedures. This way, the registrars were able to focus on unwell patients in ED resus, AMU and on the specialty wards. 
2. When the registrars started noticing this, they started trusting me with dealing with more unwell patients. In the handover, I would often inform my FY1 and SHO colleagues to bleep me if there was an unwell patient. I would then manage them and call the registrar if concerned. This reduced the work load of the registrars even more. I would always let them know about what I had done for documentation purposes and so that they knew about the case in case their input was needed at any point 
3. I requested the registrars to let me lead CRASH calls to gain confidence and gain effective communication skills.
4. I did regular locums. This not only let me save a substantial amount ( the locum rate was 50 GBP an hour) but I learnt how to clerk efficiently. I could see up to 20 patients in one shift in a safe manner ( remember - quality over quantity, do not make this a competition). This skill helped me a lot - as I could prioritize patients who were unwell, had been here the longest and potential discharges. 
 

 MANAGING UNWELL PATIENTS

We all do it all the time. 
Unwell patients will be managed in the following way
1. ITU 
2. NIV/CPAP as ceiling of care 
3. Ward based care only
4. Palliation 

After working for 3 years as FY1/SHO, you will all get to know which route an unwell patient is probably going down. We always bleep the registrar as per local and national policy however we can learn what the registrar would like to know. Things like functional status, patient preference, co morbidities help registrars/consultants decide about the escalation pathway. 
I have explained it more here:
https://omarsguidelines.blogspot.com/2020/02/teaching-session-ceiling-of-care-in-nhs.html

What I did as a trainee SHO:
1. When on call, we used to divide wards. I ended up working on the acute elderly unit where we had unwell frail patients come from ED and direct admissions. I used to actively clerk and manage them. I would ensure all patients had an escalation plan and if they did not and a DNACPR was warranted, I would discuss it with the patient, next of kin and put one in the patients notes (In that trust, we had DNACPR forms which could be countersigned by SHOs). I did this on a regular basis.

2. Actively made resuscitation decisions and asked consultants this question when I was worried about someone whom we did not have a clear plan for during our regular ward rounds. 
3. Attended simulation courses - we had a deanery based ASCME course which helped a lot in developing my communication and management skills. 


 BEING A SAFE DOCTOR

Do as many ambulatory care shifts as you can. You will see low risk chest pains, pulmonary embolism ( with low PESI score) 
https://omarsguidelines.blogspot.com/2020/05/working-in-ambulatory-care.html
When on call, make it a habit of risk stratifying patients like Blatchford scoring in patients with upper GI bleeding, etc. 

What I did as a SHO
1. Ambulatory care shifts. SHOs had to discuss each and every case with the ambulatory care consultant and this way, I learnt a lot. 
2. When clerking, I used online calculators to risk stratify patients ie PESI score, Blatchford score, GRACE/TIMI score, etc. 
This helped me make decisions about patients who came in overnight to ED whom I could turn around and bring back to ambulatory care the following morning.

 STEPPING UP AS A REGISTRAR 

Ask your registrar to let you carry the registrar bleep. Some prefer not to as they feel they are responsible. In which case you can ask them to do the following:
1. Let you assess medical patients in ED resus 
2. Let you assess unwell patients on the medical units 
3. Lead CRASH calls 
4. Let you assess medical issues in patients admitted under other specialties like fast AF in a patient with #NOF under orthopedics', etc 

I used to do all these on a regular basis on my on calls.

                         

 PROBLEM SOLVING 

As a SHO, I made it a habit of dealing with issues this way:
'Do we have a problem'
'Yes?'- 'How can we Fix it?' 
'Let's work on fixing it- I have proposed a solution' 
I used this everywhere. 

Here are some problem solving examples during my career - some of which I was involved in. 
Non training post:
Non trainee SHOs felt that they were missing out on teaching and training whereas core medical trainees were getting that. They were seeing the same cohort of patients. So a colleague spoke to the college tutor and proposed that all non trainees are treated equally as trainees. The college tutor agreed - the point that struck the cord was the fact that the SHO pointed out that at the end of the day all of us were seeing unwell patients, were on exactly the same rota and hence we all need to be equally trained. The college tutor ensured non trainees had access to an e portfolio, regular supervisor meetings, bleep free teaching sessions, access to simulation sessions, etc. 

Training post:
The registrars rota was too overwhelming 
We all discussed this on our WhatsApp group and came up with a solution 
Then 2 of us met with management and discussed it and they agreed 

 MANAGEMENT 

Most people do not like this aspect. I personally love this. I love it so much that I am thinking of leadership and management as my specialist skill as part of my acute internal medicine training as a specialist registrar. I learnt this skill from an early stage ( I have been moderating social media groups like PLAB groups and IMGs in the UK groups and although it seems like nothing, I learnt a lot about conflict resolution and management in general from there). 
Registrars frequently have to sort out rotas out of hours, meet the on call manager and matron to discuss patient movement when they are running out of beds, help distribute juniors , etc.
Here are a few tips I learnt over the past few years:
1. Problem solve issues - Identify a problem and work on a solution 
For example - there are 10 patients to clerk in AMU and one FY1. There are no patients to clerk in elderly unit (EAU) and there are 2 doctors.
Solution:
Send the 2 doctors to AMU and request one of them to cross cover EAU.
Ensure the nurses make a jobs list on EAU and bleep the doctor once there are a few jobs rather than every hour 
You as the registrar can go there every 2 hours and do the jobs as well. You can also help with clerking on AMU if you are free. 
2. Listen to the managers and matrons. They have been doing this for ages. They are all reasonable. They would not come to us unless there is crisis ( ie- bed shortage)
3. Do not tolerate rude behavior. A manager shouting at a nurse in charge managing an acute ward with less nurses is not okay! You must raise it immediately. I have had to step in when this happened and I escalated it to the directorate. Apparently, that person has not done this again. 

If you start doing this at an early stage, you will not struggle as a registrar. 

                         

 KINDNESS AND EMPATHY 

This is a very important skill to have. We are all stressed and I am sure we all loose our cool at some point. Some of us have a higher threshold and some even get angry and frustrate at the smallest thing. With time and practice, we learn to increase our threshold. We learn to always be calm, kind and empathetic towards our colleagues. I used to make a mental list of things to do and what not to do as a SHO by observing my registrar colleagues. Some were amazing and some were complete ****** (insert swear word of your choice here). 
This does not come overnight. This is something which we develop slowly. It might start like something as small as letting a tired FY1 sleep for an hour while you carry his/her bleep when you are not too busy, or lending an ear to a crying nurse who is struggling on the ward and making her life easier by helping her if you are free. 
And you can always weasel out of situations - I saw some registrar and SHO colleagues do this all the time. I knew they were not busy but they made excuses. They are still the same. Some have even been fed-back by their supervisors as rude behaviors slowly become part of our personality and no one likes a rude person in the NHS. They turn out to be bullies and they are dealt with appropriately as mentioned here:
https://omarsguidelines.blogspot.com/2020/01/bullying-and-stress-in-nhs.html

If you start helping others and being kind from day 1, it will become a habit and you will have the same personality as a registrar and then as a consultant. You will be happier at work where you will spend almost 50% of your life at and hence will be less stressed and more relaxed not only at work but in life in general. So be kind. Be nice. Help others and you will see a significant difference. 

NO ONE IS GOING TO HOLD YOUR HAND 

No one is going to:
1. Hand the reg bleep to you and ask you to step up under supervision 
2. Ask you to lead MDTs
3. Ask you to lead CRASH calls. 
4. Make escalation plans 
5. Lead consultations on ward rounds 
You need to make that effort yourself. 
Expecting this, even as a trainee SHO is not reasonable.

A FEW TIPS FOR NEW REGISTRARS 


ACUTE TAKE 
1. Clerk patients when you are free. You have done this for almost 3 years now and it will help the workload of FY1s and SHOs
2. Stay in ED when free - you will get the most bleeps from there. I based myself there when I was a ST3 registrar and clerked patients on the clerking proforma 
3. When seeing a patient in ED, please fill out a full clerking proforma. It was my pet hate when a registrar had done 2 pages documentation on an ED continuation sheet when (s)he could have filled the clerking proforma. 

WARD COVER 
1. This can be very busy so make sure your colleagues are not overwhelmed. 
2. Help with jobs like cannulas and even discharge summaries when you are free. 
3. I usually base myself on the busiest ward when on ward cover ( gastro/CCU) and do all the jobs which the nurses wish to give to the FY1/SHO on ward cover - this way I retain my skills like cannulation, etc and my team is not overworked. 

REGULAR DAYS 
1. On your regular days, divide patients with your team and see the most unwell patients first 
2. No job should be too small for you - if you have seen a patient who is medically fit, do the discharge summary! You know the patient, it will literally take a few minutes rather than waiting for a FY1/SHO to be free from their ward round to do and hence delaying the discharge. 

TEACHING 
Teach your colleagues whenever you get the chance. Go through interesting cases you have seen and share your knowledge with them.
You will get to teach medical students, physician associates as well. 
Do not forget to ask them to fill out an assessment form:
https://www.jrcptb.org.uk/documents/evaluation-form-teaching-and-presentations

YOUR PORTFOLIO 
Remember, you will still have annual ACRPs and will still have to keep your portfolio up to date. You will get plenty of time at work do that - ie, when the wards are not busy, you are free on your on calls. 
Try to work on your portfolio when you are work though to avoid tiring yourself at home. 

ESCALATION OF UNWELL PATIENTS 
Remember, you are not alone. You have the consultant on call, critical care outreach team and ITU team to help. 
Specialist centers are always happy to help, even if you are in a district hospital. So you have 24/7 advice available wherever you are working. 

ASK FOR HELP FROM YOUR COLLEAGUES 
Ask for help early. If ED is getting busy and there are patients piling up there with no beds available on AMU, request your FY1/SHO colleagues to come clerk in ED. 
If you work in a huge teaching hospital with 4 registrars on call at the same time, ask for help if you are getting overwhelmed. 
Remember - we are all here for each other. 

GIVE YOURSELF A BREAK 
This can become overwhelming at times. Remember when it is becoming too much and ask for help early. You do not have to take the burden on yourself.

TRUST YOUR COLLEAGUES 
In my opinion, the SHO who is preparing for their PACES exam are the most clever doctors so do not shy away from asking for help. They can diagnose weird and wonderful conditions like TTP, etc 

TRUST YOUR GUT FEELING 
A patient has come in with a fall, the abdomen is bruised, they are now on a medical ward. Get the surgeons involved and get a CT abdomen done ASAP. 

TRUST YOURSELF
You have done this for at least 3 years now. You have all the knowledge and skills. All you need is the confidence. 

WOULD YOU CONTINUE CPR IF THERE WAS A CRASH CALL? 
If the answer is no, then put a DNACPR/RESPECT form in after discussion with the patient/next of kin. Do not delay this till the patient actually actually arrests. Do this when clerking patients/doing senior reviews. Make a clear escalation plan:
1. For full escalation
2. NIV/CPAP as ceiling of care 
3. Ward based care only 
4. Palliate, stop all active treatment 

TRUST YOUR COLLEAGUES IN ITU 
They are clever people. They know what they are talking about. If they do not think a patient is suitable for ITU after they have discussed this with their consultant, 
 put a DNACPR/RESPECT form in after discussion with the patient/next of kin. Do not wait till the patient arrests. 

DOCUMENT AS IF YOU WILL PRESENT IN COURT 
Your documentation should be thorough. I find the SBAR technique the best along with an A to E assessment when I am seeing an unwell patient. 
Always have a scribe when leading a CRASH call - sometimes they do not know what to document hence always keep an eye on what they are writing. 

MAINTAIN YOUR PORTFOLIO 
Reflect upon cases you have seen, teaching sessions you have attended, etc.
The criteria is mentioned very clearly here:
https://www.jrcptb.org.uk/training-certification/arcp-decision-aids

DEALING WITH ED
My first line to everyone is ' my doors are open. Bring 'em all in' when I am the medical registrar on call. However I do not accept surgical patients but if they have frailty needs and are for palliation, I accept them. 
The more obstructive you are, the more difficult your life will be. ED has a breach time of 4 hours. They want the patients out - hence guarding AMU as if it is Fort Knox may not be in your favor and you do not need ED to do every investigation on earth and then wait for the results before you will allow the patient to be transferred. 
This is where physically being present in ED helps - I have managed to get urgent CT scans just by suggesting this to the ED team.
Work with them rather than against them. 

SPECIALTY ARGUMENTS 
Where do a patients with cholangitis. cholecystitis go? The surgical reg refused to take the patient as they do not warrant urgent surgery. So what do you do? 
You can call the medical consultant on call and ask for advice ( and do whatever they say). And while you are at it, email the gastroenterology consultant and ask for them to make a clear pathway. I did this as  ST3 registrar and I used to show the response of the gastroenterology consultants ( who had a discussion with the surgeons and they all agreed) that these cases would come under the surgical team. 

Overall, being a medical registrar is a wonderful job. You can to see the most unwell patients in hospital and get to treat them. You develop your leadership and management skills and in a few months, you become confident and start enjoying your job. 

This post is dedicated to the amazing registrars whom I learnt so much from and those ***** (insert swear word of choice) whom I learnt what not to do when I was at their stage. 


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